Post by Joyce WhitchurchPost by BruceFrom the early 1990s, all around the country, rail freight terminals
were built in the expectation of a huge increase in rail-borne freight
to/from mainland Europe using the Channel Tunnel. Many were built on
green belt land because government relaxed the planning rules as long
as at least 70% of the freight using those terminals either arrived or
departed by rail.
Where you've got that idea from? And why do you say 70 per cent?
Post by BruceThe increase in cross-Channel rail freight never happened. Indeed,
the volume of cross-Channel rail freight traffic is now **lower** than
it was before the Channel Tunnel opened, when the train ferries
operated.
So around the country, there are many rail freight terminals that are
grossly under-used. Of the ones built on green belt land, not one has
ever approached the 70% of freight in or out by rail that was the
basis for giving them planning permission. So all of them are
operating illegally outside their planning consent.
Illegally? That's a strong word. IIRC all the new terminals were built
entirely properly. In some cases they had deemed consent, because they
were built on existing railway land (e.g. Trafford Park Euroterminal).
In other cases they were granted planning consent after the promoters
demonstrated exceptional need to develop a Green Belt site (e.g.
Wakefield Europort). The need argument was generally job creation, not
modal shift.
And I can't think of any terminal where consent was conditional upon a
minimum volume or ratio of traffic moving by rail. Developers wouldn't
accept such a condition anyway, since a) it would scare off potential
occupiers, and b) it shuts the door on Freight Facility Grants.
Post by BruceIt is a good job no-one from government ever checks the 70% figure is
being achieved. But many of these terminals are doing well as busy
*road* freight terminals while their rail connections rust away and
are choked by weeds.
Some of them are doing well as *rail* freight terminals, though their
traffic is maritime and domestic rather than "Channel Tunnel".
Post by BruceI don't know what are the underlying reasons for the collapse in
cross-Channel rail freight.
There are many reasons but the main one, the persistent one, is poor
performance by the mainland railways.
Post by BruceHowever, it seems almost unbelievable
that, after billions of pounds of taxpayers' money were spent (in BR
days) on facilities for Channel Tunnel freight traffic, after hundreds
of millions of pounds of taxpayers' money have been spent on other
facilities since, and after planning laws were relaxed to allow
rail-served distribution terminals to be developed on green belt land,
the cross-Channel rail traffic of the last few years has averaged only
five trains a day.
I know that there are some internal (within Britain) freight flows
that have made some use of the new facilities, but the expectation
was always that the majority of demand for them would come from
cross-Channel freight. For whatever reason, it just hasn't happened.
In view of the huge amount of public money that has been spent, it
would be interesting to know why.
Strikes in France
Fires in the Channel Tunnel
Trespass in the Tunnel by illegal immigrants
Inability to carry dangerous goods
Too great an emphasis on intermodal traffic rather than conventional wagons
The curious structure developed to market intermodal services through
separate companies part-owned by rail and road interests
The assumption that road hauliers would all invest in swop bodies
The disinclination of certain railways east of the Rhine to re-route
their traffic away from North Sea ports
The fact that the only suitable traction was for many years controlled
by EWS, SNCF and Eurotunnel
BRB's refusal to develop any terminals south of the Thames
The expense and bureaucracy associated with the Channel Tunnel Security
Order 1994
The disruption caused by restructuring and privatisation of the British
railway industry
Just IMHO of course.
These and many other reasons combined to give indequate service at too
high a price. But the fundamental error in the forecasting was the
assumption that lo-lo traffic crossing the North Sea and the wider bits
of the Channel would suddenly be diverted away from its traditional
crossing points and be literally funnelled into a tunnel many miles off
route.
Manchester - Milan via the Tunnel makes sense. So does St Blazey -
Zurich. But Manchester - Hamburg doesn't, and nor does Bristol - Bordeaux.
May I add some data to your list of difficulties for rail freight? On
Monday 11 October 2004 the House of Lords Select Committee on the
European Union (Sub-Committee B) took evidence as part of the Inquiry
Into European Union Rail Policy: Liberalisation of International Rail
Freight In Europe. The Minutes were published on the inter-web thingy
which I downloaded at the time, they may well be still available but I
haven't looked.
Mr Bill Gurmin, Director Material Planning & Logistics, and Mr Howell
James, Manager Material Planning & Logistics, Ford of Europe gave
evidence on their experience in running international freight trains.
The whole document is an eye-opener, but the following is a quote:
Finally, we believe that it is more environmentally friendly than road
transport and, as such, we would like to increase the amount of
business that we do on rail. If we look at the disadvantages, there is
one big disadvantage with rail and that is reliability. We cannot rely
on the train being at the destination on time. If I may illustrate
that. When I contract a truck driver or a truck company to deliver
material to our plants, we need that material within a certain time
period or we stop production. I can get a truck company to deliver on
time on a 15 minute plus or minus time window and 92 per cent of the
time those people are there. I did an analysis over the last three
months, July to September, of the train service from Dagenham into
Valencia. Thirty-nine per cent of the trains were late and, when I say
late, they were more than four hours late, many of them were 24 hours
late and some of them were 48 hours late. The major issue here is going
through France.
France is a very difficult area to move trains through. We have all
sorts of issues there. In this time period, we had some technical
issues that accounted for 14 per cent of the problems. This was heavy
rain and flooding on the track. There were catenary problems with the
power lines, we had some technical issues there, and we had a tunnel
fire and a loco breakdown. Acts of God and weather were ten per cent –
this was mainly the flooding that I referred to earlier. Then we had
strikes seven per cent of the time. As I speak, we are under threat of
strike from Renfe, a Spanish company. Indeed, we had three of our
trains cancelled due to strike action. The Spanish union of rail
workers are protesting against the privatisation. We are going to have
a one-day strike this week and probably further strikes coming. When
that happens, I have to find road transport to fill in for the train or
our suppliers do. Last week, we had to charter four aeroplanes to keep
our plant in Valencia going otherwise we would have lost production and
there is enormous cost involved in that. We had to move over 50 trucks
into that supply chain. This is getting so common that we are getting
good at it!
Later they went on to say:
There are a number of areas of concern that we have. It is not
exclusively France, let me say, but France tends to be the area of most
concern. Lack of drivers is a problem. Lack of locomotives. Strikes are
endemic and they can be by third parties not even rail workers – it can
be farm workers or truck drivers. They can stick a truck across a track
and we are finished. There is a whole miscellany of issues but they
tend to be in the area of France. We do have, as I say, right now
problems in Spain. They had a three-day strike last week. However,
until recently, it was not a big problem in Spain.
And concerning technical stuff and the UK loading gauge
I would like to see harmonisation of the standard used in the industry.
We have differences in rolling stock, voltage being used, pitch of the
axles, we have gauge difference and height, a whole miscellany of the
things that I think need to be standardised to the best in class level,
not standardised to the lower level which would not help the industry
at all. For example, in Britain, I cannot get two Focus C-MAX on a
double-deck car transporter because the gauge allowable prohibits me
from doing that. I can do it right through Europe but, in Britain, I
have to go with a C-MAX single deck on a flat-backed wagon. This makes
it twice as expensive to transport and also, importantly, the
availability of flat-backed wagons is not sufficient for the business
that I have. So, I would like to see harmonisation and optimisation of
many of those things. Axle weights need to be harmonised; I can take a
higher axle weight on the continent that I can in Britain. Then, train
lengths need to be harmonised. There are many things that we need to
optimise in the industry in order that we, as the customer, are
satisfied. Finally and very importantly for me, cost transparency. We
do not get cost transparency from the national rail companies. What we
get is, “Here is an increase. Now, go away and pay us”, to the point
where they will walk away if we do not pay.
End quote
So, with the loss of specialist skills at the UK, the UK structure
gauge end and with friends like these helping you on the other side of
the Channel, is it any wonder that cross-channel rail freight has
collapsed? I'm just surprised that /any/ freight goes by rail at all.
--
Robert